Dengue Fever Presenting as Purtscher-like Retinopathy.

PURPOSE: To report the fundus manifestations and spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic (SD-OCT) features of dengue fever presenting as Purtscher-like retinopathy. METHODS: Retrospective review of two cases of dengue fever. RESULTS: Color fundus photograph revealed the presence of cotton-wool spots in a Purtscher-like configuration in the posterior pole of all study eyes. SD-OCT demonstrated increased reflectivity signal in the inner retinal layers, and after a variable follow-up period, there was complete disappearance of cotton-wool spots and persistence of the hyperreflectivity signal. CONCLUSION: We report two unique cases of dengue fever associated with retinal lesions in a configuration of Purtscher-like retinopathy.

Anatomical and functional correlation in Susac syndrome: multimodal imaging assessment.

BACKGROUND: Susac's syndrome (SuS) is an uncommon disease characterized by retinal microangiopathy that may be assessed more accurately with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), a new imaging technique which provides a retinal microvasculature map. The purpose of this case report is to describe the multimodal imaging findings of SuS correlating OCTA with functional tests. CASE PRESENTATION: Retrospective review of one case with clinical and imaging evidence of SuS. Color fundus photograph, fluorescein angiography (FA), OCTA, microperimetry (MP) and visual field (VF) tests were analyzed at the time of presentation and at 1- and 6-month visit following initiation of treatment. The study patient underwent standard treatment for SuS. The patient age was 31 year-old and the baseline visual acuity was 20/60 and 20/20 in the right and left eyes, respectively. At presentation, FA showed branch retinal arterial occlusion within the macular area of the right eye and vascular leakage in the periphery of the left eye. OCTA demonstrated areas of superficial and deep retinal vascular plexuses hypoperfusion in both eyes. The OCTA segmentations in the outer retina and choriocapillaris were normal. The low VF and MP sensitivity signals precisely corresponded to the topography of decreased vascular perfusion seen on the OCTA density map in both eyes. Six months after specific SuS therapy, retinal vascular perfusion showed partial improvement in both eyes. CONCLUSION: OCTA may demonstrate superficial and deep retinal vascular non-perfusion without choriocapillary vasculature changes in SuS. This anatomical information given by OCTA corresponded to points of low sensitivity on functional tests represented by VF and MP.

Optical coherence tomography angiography artifactual choroidal neovascularization in optic disc pit maculopathy.

This case report describes a 19-year-old Caucasian man presented with decreased visual acuity in the right eye for 3 months. Dilated funds exam revealed optic disk pit associated with serous macular detachment. Optical coherence tomography identified communication between the optic disk pit and the macular serous detachment, and optical coherence tomography angiography displayed a subfoveal area suggestive of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization. However, there was no evidence of leakage in the fluorescein angiogram and no evidence of choroidal neovascularization in optical coherence tomography in the area corresponding to the suspicious subfoveal choroidal neovascularization. The patient underwent 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy in the right eye. Six weeks after surgery, multimodal imaging was repeated and there was near-complete resorption of the subretinal fluid. Optical coherence tomography angiography signal superimposed on optical coherence tomography B-scan also demonstrated normal choriocapillaris signal throughout the macula. In conclusion, optical coherence tomography angiography may produce artifacts in optic disk pit maculopathy that simulate choroidal neovascularization.

Optical coherence tomography angiography artifactual choroidal neovascularization in optic disc pit maculopathy / Artefato de neovascularização de coroide na angiografia por tomografia de coerência óptica em pit de disco óptico

ABSTRACT This case report describes a 19-year-old Caucasian man presented with decreased visual acuity in the right eye for 3 months. Dilated funds exam revealed optic disk pit associated with serous macular detachment. Optical coherence tomography identified communication between the optic disk pit and the macular serous detachment, and optical coherence tomography angiography displayed a subfoveal area suggestive of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization. However, there was no evidence of leakage in the fluorescein angiogram and no evidence of choroidal neovascularization in optical coherence tomography in the area corresponding to the suspicious subfoveal choroidal neovascularization. The patient underwent 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy in the right eye. Six weeks after surgery, multimodal imaging was repeated and there was near-complete resorption of the subretinal fluid. Optical coherence tomography angiography signal superimposed on optical coherence tomography B-scan also demonstrated normal choriocapillaris signal throughout the macula. In conclusion, optical coherence tomography angiography may produce artifacts in optic disk pit maculopathy that simulate choroidal neovascularization.

RESUMO O presente estudo relatou o caso de um homem caucasiano de 19 anos com diminuição da acuidade visual no olho direito há 3 meses. Na fundoscopia havia um pit de papila associado ao descolamento seroso macular. A tomografia de coerência óptica identificou uma comunicação entre o pit e o descolamento seroso e a angiografia por tomografia de coerência óptica demonstrou uma área subfoveal sugestiva de membrana neovascular sub-retiniana. No entanto, não houve evidência de vazamento na angiofluoresceínografia com contraste e nem de membrana neovascular sub-retiniana na tomografia de coerência óptica na área suspeita. O paciente foi submetido a vitrectomia pars plana 23-gauge no olho direito. Seis semanas após a cirurgia, os exames foram repetidos e houve reabsorção quase completa do líquido sub-retiniano. O sinal da angiografia por tomografia de coerência óptica sobreposto à tomografia de coerência óptica B-scan era normal na região da mácula. Em conclusão, a angiografia por tomografia de coerência óptica pode produzir artefatos em maculopatia secundária a pit de papila que simulam uma membrana neovascular sub-retiniana.

Abscesso pancreático: diagnóstico, tratamento e resultados / Pancreatic abscess: diagnosis, treatment and results

Os autores apresentam dez casos de abscessos pancreáticos tratados no período de seis anos, sendo todos complicaçäo evolutiva de surtos de pancreatite necro-hemorrágica. Aqueles foram decorrentes de litíase biliar em quatro casos, alcoolismo em dois e isquemia mesentérica em outro caso. Nenhum fator etiopatogênico pôde ser identificado em três casos. Os achados clínicos que mais se destacam foram dor abdominal, febre, distensäo e vômitos. Esta afecçäo evolui para infecçäo generalizada e insuficiência de múltiplos órgäos e invariavelmente para óbito, se näo for realizada drenagem cirúrgica. As alteraçöes laboratoriais mais freqüentes na evoluçäo da doença foram: leucocitose, hiperglicemia e hipoproteinemia. O aparecimento de leucocitose tendeu a concidir com a normalizaçäo de amilase sérica. A ultra-sonografia contribuiu para o dianóstico em seis pacientes e a tomografia computadorizada em três. Nove pacientes foram submetidos a drenagem cirúrgica do abscesso pancreático e um paciente foi tratado clinicamente. Além da drenagem do abscesso, realizou-se colecistectomia em seis pacientes e coledocolitotomia em três. O índice de mortalidade nesta casuística foi de 60%. Explicou-se a elevada taxa de mortalidade desta série pela gravidade do surto de pancreatite e subseqüente deteriorizaçäo clínica, apesar dos tratamentos clínico e cirúrgico instituídos. Deve-se suspeitar de abscesso pancreático nos casos de infecçäo de origem abdominal, sempre que houver história recente de pancreatite, alcoolismo e intervençäo sobre as vias biliares. O diagnóstico precoce e drenagem cirúrgica ampla devem contribuir para melhorar o prognóstico destes pacientes